THE ENERGY CRISIS AND THE LAW OF MALTHUS. THE ENDURING
In 1798 the British economist Thomas Robert Malthus stated in one of his books a theory stating that the population grows geometrically and food production of goods and only may increase in an arithmetical ratio. That theory is called the Law of Malthus.
population to grow much more quickly than man's ability to produce their food would inevitably lead to poverty and starvation of the entire population, a situation that did not happen. This prediction of Malthus did not happen by the industrial revolution that affects all sectors of production and improvements through the ages 18 and 19 were in the techniques for agricultural development. Process that culminated with the green revolution of the mid-nineteenth century that dramatically increased food production through the mechanization of agriculture and the massive use of agrochemicals and fertilizers.
Reading the 2007 annual report of the International Energy Agency (IEA) is inevitable to think that we are faced with developing a similar theory, where it is demonstrate that the high increase in energy consumption by the large growth in demand from countries like China and India, besides an increase in consumption in developed countries would lead to an energy crisis by 2015 with unpredictable consequences , if developed countries do not take urgent measures to reduce demand. It is said to begin to reduce fossil fuel sources and alternative systems of energy generation are not developed enough to compensate the oil shortage and meet the growing demand.
Are we then face a global energy crisis? One
positive effects of increased oil prices over $ 100 per barrel, which became profitable energy production using other sources and methods. It also triggered the research in this area by the oil companies, universities, governments, specialized institutions, investors, etc.
It is only some examples to understand the change that is happening in the world. The alternative of ethanol from renewable plant material and Brazil is a great example of that. Wind energy production and for them there are large windmill parks in USA and Europe. Solar energy is being used in small-scale water heaters water in homes and apartment buildings in many parts of the world and in large scale through panels located in areas of high sun exposure in California in the Mojave Desert, where they are making huge investments in solar energy panels. There are ambitious plans in the U.S. to develop geothermal energy by taking advantage of high ground temperatures. In Florida you are thinking of an underwater turbine plant to channel the energy derived from waves and there are many other examples of what is being done around the world in this regard.
addition, previous initiatives, the use of atomic energy is going to take off as clean, safe alternative. On the other hand there is a huge potential in the bituminous sands (tar sands) in Canada and Venezuela, making oil, thus increasing tremendously useful reserves of fossil fuels. Also in Northwest Colorado in the U.S. there are mountains of sedimentary rock containing solid bituminous (oil shale) and from which oil can be extracted, according to research that for years has been doing the Shell there. In these rocks there are in other U.S. locations and the world.
On the other hand we see as the high cost of energy for the final consumer and the great ecological awareness is invading the developed world has meant that governments, companies and individuals looking for how to spend less energy and make more efficient use of it. An example is recent legislation in U.S. Congress that requires automakers to develop technologies to achieve a minimum efficiency in fuel consumption of 35 miles per gallon or 30% more efficient than the minimum required consumption today. Another example is the widespread use of fluorescent bulbs consume much less than ordinary bulbs. In the same way we see the trend in the construction of buildings and houses that respond to designs that make efficient use of energy.
In general the concepts of saving energy and protecting the environment are being undertaken by communities in most countries of the world and especially young people, who see that the planet is threatened by global warming and the deterioration of nature.
All these phenomena are occurring simultaneously and in parallel suggests that alternative energy development and conservation of traditional use, will be exponentially higher and this would lead to abortion in a few years the event of a widespread energy crisis, offsetting the demand for energy that carries the rapid growth of China and India.
Jorge Pineda
Miami, 2/29/08
Friday, February 29, 2008
Thursday, February 7, 2008
Free Love Horoscopes 201
In negotiating conflicts arise situations where the parties principles or convenience are putting down roots in positions that do not yield even at the cost of not making agreements or approaches. In the case of a humanitarian accord that has been promoted between the Government of Colombia and the FARC to release hostages, President Uribe established principles are not negotiable and has called immovable or points that do not sag or are subject to negotiation.
for President Uribe, the immovable for eventual negotiations with the FARC, is the refusal to demilitarize in populated areas and large, such as the municipalities of Pradera and Florida in the Valle del Cauca and the condition through which the guerrillas, who are eventually released from prison, do not return to the ranks of the insurgents to continue terrorizing the countryside of Colombia.
For the FARC the immovable is the condition that they cleared the municipalities of Pradera and Florida. In this they are engaged for many months, so far have not given one iota in its claims and it seems that they will not do. It seems that the FARC intended to get back an area similar to the Caguan where they can control a territory militarily, will serve as a refuge for his fighters, would enable him to recover from the hard blows received during the Uribe administration and thus regain strength and military importance they once had. For the FARC a demilitarized Pradera and Florida would be the opportunity to be reborn and become the political and military counterparts they seek. With a clearance of this nature could aspire to be regarded as an insurgent force by the international community, even more now with the support they are receiving from Colonel Chávez, President of Venezuela. Advocates
this clear, as former President Pastrana, have said they will only be for a short time and not have negative consequences for democratic stability. I wonder, if once established the demilitarized zone y se empiece a hablar de una negociación de paz; la comunidad internacional, las ONG’s, el Polo Democrático, Chávez, Cuba y aun gobiernos Europeos no ejercerán una gran presión sobre el gobierno para que se vaya prorrogando indefinidamente el despeje, como ya sucedió.
La pregunta entonces es; ¿Debe el presidente Uribe mover sus inamovibles y permitir un despeje en Pradera y Florida, para permitir la negociación de un acuerdo humanitario y la liberación de los secuestrados?
Viendo las pruebas de supervivencia y el dolor de los familiares de las victimas en poder de las FARC se tiene la tendencia a pensar que valdría la pena ceder a las pretensiones de la guerrilla y buscar así negotiation.
But looking at things coldly and weighting in the overall interest thereon, the government must never accept a demilitarized zone in populated areas. The intention of guerrilla is a demilitarized zone where they can reach and control armed. Doing so would give a few miscreants, who have no human consideration in their forms of struggle, a defenseless civilian population. Doing so would break with all the principles of territorial sovereignty and rights of citizens. Kidnapping would deliver some residents in exchange for an alleged release of other hostages. Would redeem each other in the best. Would give a piece Colombia's armed force that does not recognize democracy, the constitution and that is backed by a government expansionist neighbor, not democratic principles, thus threatening the political stability and territorial integrity.
The solution proposed by the Church is sound. The international community should support. It is clear sparsely populated areas, a proposal already accepted by the national government. Hopefully the guerrillas consider. It would be a great relief to the hostages and their families.
While the obligation of the government and the Colombian army is to keep chasing, cornering and beating them, as required by the constitution and rules legal force. Jorge Pineda
02/07/1908 Miami, FL
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
Watchingtv From Harddrive
PATHS OF MIGRATION TO THE U.S..
To some extent the path used by migrants arriving in the U.S., determines the quality of the person who migrates and its ability to adapt to North American society .
There are basically three ways to reach this country. By land, by water and air.
immigrants arriving by land do so for the Canadian border or the border with Mexico. Those who arrive in Canada have deserved special attention from state agencies or the interest of the media, go a bit unnoticed and although the measures of border control have increased after 9-11, no one has thought of a wall or similar measures to prevent illegal immigration across the border. At the end of the day Canada is a developed country, where there is no social pressure to emigrate and those who are there have had to go through a process of review by the Canadian government.
There is no doubt that the great flood of illegal immigrants and especially coming from the Mexican border. Whether Mexican or Central American origin, and even other nationalities. This is immigration that causes the greatest impact on American society and which is reported more frequently in the media and politicians referred to signal weakness in protecting the borders. It also is where their eyes and actions of the federal government to demonstrate that it is exercising control actions.
immigrants arriving at the Mexican border are perhaps the lowest income people, low education, who come to work in the most humble and lower pay, such as agricultural, the cleaning and construction. These people are perhaps the ones most difficulty adapting to American society. Many, especially agricultural workers, living in a kind of ghetto, objectionable conditions and are semi-nomadic, they move in line to the region where crops are being. Given its education and the scarcity of resources, these migrant workers, most of them illegal, are the least amount in the social scale and have the greatest difficulties with the authorities. Ironically, these workers are necessary and useful, as are those who do work that Americans will not do.
Then there are the immigrants arriving by sea. They are basically the Caribbean, Cuba and Haiti. Haitian immigrants do not arrive in large numbers and when they do, they are intercepted, the authorities deported immediately. Those who do enter are so difficult to adapt as those entering the border with Mexico and also suffer the same way the persecution and have great difficulty in achieving wellness. Otherwise
are Cubans who arrive on rafts rudimentary or fast boats of smugglers, walking with a huge risk the Straits of Florida, way in which many of them have died. These immigrants, if they are lucky to get ashore, are welcomed by the authorities and quickly join the society of South Florida, with the help of the Cuban diaspora that is affluent and formidable political power. These immigrants are well received and are open all opportunities of education and work. Most of them move up the economic and social. We really are privileged by existing policies for Cuban asylum adopted by the U.S. Congress many years ago and accepted by the community as a way of rewarding those who have the courage to challenge the government of Fidel Castro.
The third way is that of people who arrive by plane. They have had to buy a relatively expensive airline ticket, having obtained a tourist visa and so are people of average economic and social strata in their home country, and average basic education and even some of them with education superior. These immigrants are undoubtedly more suited easily to society in some form are the least rejected and persecuted and ascend the ladder faster economic and social policy. They all come legally, some are legally managed by different methods and using specialized legal status and others stay illegally after their tourist visas expired. Almost all South American immigrants arriving by air and have created prosperous colonies that are well accepted by society.
In the latter group are Colombian immigrants, one of the largest Latino communities in both South Florida and New York, which has managed to carve out a reputation as hard working, educated, intelligent and respectful. They are generally appreciated by the companies that employ them and the mere fact of being Colombian is an important letter to get a job. This certainly makes the Colombian community is one of the most appreciated and most prestigious, and I have no doubt that eventually achieved political and economic power and will be in South Florida competing with the dominant colony, which has been and still is without doubt the Cuban. Jorge Pineda
Miami, 1/15/08
sore and disappointed
To some extent the path used by migrants arriving in the U.S., determines the quality of the person who migrates and its ability to adapt to North American society .
There are basically three ways to reach this country. By land, by water and air.
immigrants arriving by land do so for the Canadian border or the border with Mexico. Those who arrive in Canada have deserved special attention from state agencies or the interest of the media, go a bit unnoticed and although the measures of border control have increased after 9-11, no one has thought of a wall or similar measures to prevent illegal immigration across the border. At the end of the day Canada is a developed country, where there is no social pressure to emigrate and those who are there have had to go through a process of review by the Canadian government.
There is no doubt that the great flood of illegal immigrants and especially coming from the Mexican border. Whether Mexican or Central American origin, and even other nationalities. This is immigration that causes the greatest impact on American society and which is reported more frequently in the media and politicians referred to signal weakness in protecting the borders. It also is where their eyes and actions of the federal government to demonstrate that it is exercising control actions.
immigrants arriving at the Mexican border are perhaps the lowest income people, low education, who come to work in the most humble and lower pay, such as agricultural, the cleaning and construction. These people are perhaps the ones most difficulty adapting to American society. Many, especially agricultural workers, living in a kind of ghetto, objectionable conditions and are semi-nomadic, they move in line to the region where crops are being. Given its education and the scarcity of resources, these migrant workers, most of them illegal, are the least amount in the social scale and have the greatest difficulties with the authorities. Ironically, these workers are necessary and useful, as are those who do work that Americans will not do.
Then there are the immigrants arriving by sea. They are basically the Caribbean, Cuba and Haiti. Haitian immigrants do not arrive in large numbers and when they do, they are intercepted, the authorities deported immediately. Those who do enter are so difficult to adapt as those entering the border with Mexico and also suffer the same way the persecution and have great difficulty in achieving wellness. Otherwise
are Cubans who arrive on rafts rudimentary or fast boats of smugglers, walking with a huge risk the Straits of Florida, way in which many of them have died. These immigrants, if they are lucky to get ashore, are welcomed by the authorities and quickly join the society of South Florida, with the help of the Cuban diaspora that is affluent and formidable political power. These immigrants are well received and are open all opportunities of education and work. Most of them move up the economic and social. We really are privileged by existing policies for Cuban asylum adopted by the U.S. Congress many years ago and accepted by the community as a way of rewarding those who have the courage to challenge the government of Fidel Castro.
The third way is that of people who arrive by plane. They have had to buy a relatively expensive airline ticket, having obtained a tourist visa and so are people of average economic and social strata in their home country, and average basic education and even some of them with education superior. These immigrants are undoubtedly more suited easily to society in some form are the least rejected and persecuted and ascend the ladder faster economic and social policy. They all come legally, some are legally managed by different methods and using specialized legal status and others stay illegally after their tourist visas expired. Almost all South American immigrants arriving by air and have created prosperous colonies that are well accepted by society.
In the latter group are Colombian immigrants, one of the largest Latino communities in both South Florida and New York, which has managed to carve out a reputation as hard working, educated, intelligent and respectful. They are generally appreciated by the companies that employ them and the mere fact of being Colombian is an important letter to get a job. This certainly makes the Colombian community is one of the most appreciated and most prestigious, and I have no doubt that eventually achieved political and economic power and will be in South Florida competing with the dominant colony, which has been and still is without doubt the Cuban. Jorge Pineda
Miami, 1/15/08
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