Tuesday, November 4, 2008
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financial crisis affecting the world's largest and deepest depression after year 30 of the last century, has all the economists in the world studying the phenomenon, defining causes the same, focusing according to their view of events and a bit trying to explain why they had not planned to come the gigantic problem, and did not alert their governments to avoid the collapse of what happened and what even failure to pass.
Much is said about the lack of proper government controls the banks and the financial system, or at least lack of coordination of different government agencies responsible for such control and also the obsolete claims of some of the existing rules that did not fit in as they modernized and globalized financial markets.
This laxity in controls, left open to private initiative and with it the speculators who took advantage of easy credit boom, which was fueled by low interest rates that prevailed in the U.S. and some developed countries for several years , thereby creating real estate speculation, and with it the mortgage meltdown is living the U.S..
Indeed, the problem is very complex. How markets operate and the way these are interrelated whole is difficult to explain. Most people do not know how to correlate the factors and elements of the global financial market and fail to fully understand, such as a mortgage problem in the U.S. come to affect an entire country like Finland, which had virtually declared bankruptcy and request a credit of U.S. $ 4.000 billion to Russia to avoid financial collapse, or understand how an event in the U.S. affect and even touches on almost all world stock exchanges.
So in any case, this article further on this matter, nor explain the different relationships between the micro and macroeconomic variables that are affecting the world financial crisis.
From a different perspective and can be an observer who specializes in economic issues, you may find another explanation for this debacle. I do not think it would be safe to say that this has to do largely with the culture of consumption and expenditure seized the developed world and especially the U.S. and has had its greatest expression in recent years during the presidency of GW Bush , both within government and enterprises and ordinary citizens.
the end of the U.S. Clinton Administration had a large fiscal surplus. From the GW Bush presidency and especially after 11/09/2002 the country began to spend much more than that allowed thus generating revenue deficit. The fiscal deficit has been financed in part by the issuance of bonds of the Federal Reserve, who have been placed on world markets, raising the U.S. debt is frankly worrisome levels. To date, the federal government's public debt is about $ 35 000 per capita in a country of 300 million people. If this is added the trade deficit, caused in large part by high oil prices, it is clear that this country is living far beyond their capabilities. While it is true that high debt is not the cause of the current financial crisis if it is a threatening sword hanging on future American economic recovery. Furthermore
local governments, who live mainly from property taxes, which increased significantly due to higher value than those purchased during the housing bubble grew and spent and bureaucratically ever had. They had the vision to save some of that revenue for difficult times and in many cases were higher in construction costs and unnecessary programs and luxury. Consequently, many local communities also borrowed significantly, with future income from property taxes which in theory were growing significantly, endangering local economies, but even though tax collections downgraded to the extent that property prices have fallen.
Also some companies and financial institutions, largely motivated by pressure from Wall Street, speculation on the appreciation of the actions and incentives to its senior executives, fell into the trap of short-term strategies to achieve results immediately, sacrificing the financial strength of its institutions and its permanence in the long term. This has been evident in the recent collapses of Enron, Brohters Lehman, Merrill Lynch, AIG, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
And what about the ordinary citizen. According to the Federal Reserve 43% of North Americans spend more than they earn and the average debt per household rose from 80% of its revenues in 1986 to 140% today. So for every dollar received by an average American spends $ 1.40.
This behavior is reflected in the foreclosure crisis, caused in large part because many families bought houses much higher values \u200b\u200bthan their economic, intoxicated by cheap credit and ease that gave the builders, but without considering the consequences the long term. It was evident that the prices achieved for an average household for an average family were beyond their means.
This expenditure behavior is also reflected in the case of car buying. In recent years it was imposing the system of renting the vehicle for three years so we can change frequently and to be always trendy. The rented vehicle system turned what was the purchase of a durable consumer good. Fashion has long been large vehicles and high fuel consumption. The widespread use of high-powered vehicles for use in cities and highways, was a big waste of energy and investment. In this way the cost of transport is significantly increased without allowing the creation of a family heritage that somehow achieved with the traditional system of buying a vehicle.
And the above is compounded by the phenomenon of credit cards. Available to virtually everyone. According to statistics every American has an average of 7 credit cards. High quotas, with very low fees and interest monthly payment soaring almost 20% annually. This coupled with a culture of waste, to change to change, just for the sake of having the latest model, either in costume or on phones, or electronics. The quotas provided by the credit card irresponsibly opened in credit to many people unable to pay and raised over indebtedness of families all across the nation. Now we are seeing the consequences as they grow older cases of people who file for bankruptcy.
the foregoing several years this country has spent more than it produces, the level of federal, state, local, some large enterprises and ordinary citizens.
Now begins the era of lean. While the solution comes from the unprecedented measures being taken by the federal government will have to be accompanied by savings, caution in borrowing and efficiency in government. The ordinary citizen must learn to live with the possibilities that income family.
There is no doubt that the great engine of capitalist economies is consumption and to the extent that this rebate will be harder economic recovery. But there is much distance between the responsible consumption that marks the development and waste. The waste creates waste of goods and services. Destroys wealth, which still serves obsoletiza and does not create a culture of savings and capitalization. What this country recently experienced was a time of waste. Splurge
brought high debt, debt that the average citizen was not able to pay when the conditions changed, creating the financial earthquake that is living. Will
then come a time savings, preserve assets and prudential borrowing. Each family and each community will have to adapt to live according to their means. This correction, which involves education and responsibility, which requires the capitalist world and its financial system to be able to lift again. Jorge Pineda
Miami, FL 11/04/2008
Tuesday, September 30, 2008
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The race for the U.S. presidency is at its highest point and is an unpredictable outcome. Either can win and is likely to be defined at the polls in the last minute. It is a very interesting process and affects the whole world because it is the presidential election the most powerful country in the world.
For those who are foreign nationals or independents who was not ranked by any party and therefore has no loyalties pre purchased, this vote is a dilemma that requires careful analysis to ascertain the position of each of the candidates and power and consciously exercise this right.
The first impulse you have is to vote with their eyes closed for whatever Democratic candidate because the Republican administration of GW Bush has been very unfortunate for this country. Bush led the U.S. to a costly war in lives and economic resources, with arguments and misleading premises, policies undermined the U.S. international image and left the country close to financial collapse, the largest after the depression of the 30's. Republican This dismal performance is a winner for the Democratic nominee and one might think that it should not make a great effort to succeed.
However, besides this advantage, the charisma and image of the Democrat and enormous financial resources you have your campaign, the polls do not show it as a clear winner in a few weeks of the presidential election. In recent days, after the first debate, some pollsters give him an advantage with a little more comfortable, but still far from decisive. First
conscious voters who do, is look at the philosophy and basic principles of the games and both correspond to its own principles. In some ways a country of strong democratic institutions and great tradition, the party platform should be more important than the qualities or defects of the candidates in a presidential election. But in this case this does not seem so clear.
Political parties have some important differences in moral principles. Democrats more liberal, defending the right of women to decide on abortion, support the use of mothers for research cedulas medical, and defends the right of homosexuals to marry. This compared to Republicans who defend at all costs the right to life and prohibit the use of cedulas mothers and only accepts a marriage between opposite sexes to preserve the traditional essence of the family. However, both parties are deeply religious and affection to their churches and pastors of Christian origin.
These moral factors, although they are discussed and confronted during the campaign, at the time of the vote only affect a minority of the population, since most citizens are more interested in the affairs of everyday life and economic problems.
In the economic field the difference key is related to the degree of freedom to leave on the economic laws of supply and demand, with the level of state intervention in private activities and the issue of free trade. In this the Democrats are more protectionist, strongly question the free trade unions and protect workers, and prefer a government more involved in the regulation of private activities, or more bureaucracy. This leads them to be prone to high taxes. Unlike Republicans prefer a small state structure, free trade, low taxes and let labor relations are governed by supply and demand and the forces of capitalism are those that define economic relations between people.
In the field of immigration, both parties recognize that this is a country of immigrants and that ultimately this process is beneficial to the economy. But the parties have many inconsistencies in the management of immigration policies. Democrats on the one hand they want to protect immigrants and facilitate their legalization, but on the other hand have the pressure from the unions to avoid getting new people to compete for their jobs. The Republicans want an abundance of labor to the law of supply and demand to operate and also to stimulate growth. But are afraid to legalize those who are illegal or that there amnesty, which runs counter to its principles. Besides each other feel attacked and humiliated by the way immigrants cross the border and make fun of their security systems.
In the field of national security and relations with other communities around the world and the role of great power, both parties seek at all costs to maintain U.S. preeminence in the world, although they differ in their actions. Republicans are more friends to the imposition, threat and use of force and the Democrats of dialogue and international cooperation. But both are willing to start a war and use the invasion as a defense.
During the campaign these principles are not contained in a transparent and are often used to rigging the circumstances. The reality is that both candidates, their election promises are far from the extremes of both in a case of the left or the other on the right and approach center solutions, an area where they can win votes of the undecided and this makes Both proposals are close, at least in substance and only differ in the details of implementation.
Basically the contest is taking place in show small differences between them, looking for votes based on these differences. No real change. There is a new way of doing politics or lead the country. Is the establishment who defines to where the candidate may differ and leaves little room for action.
For example, both agree to a favorable immigration law and the legalization of the so-called illegal as long as they protect the borders first.
both want access to universal health insurance, the one finding the direct action of state and another giving subsidies to the private sector is the one to do it, but neither looks at the root of the problem. No one speaks of abuse by hospitals, doctors, companies providing health insurance and the companies producing medicines and health supplies. Neither touches the problem of lack of doctors and nurses, the possibility to stop importing drugs from neighboring countries much cheaper, to limit or regulate the lawsuits to doctors and hospitals for malpractice cases, right of patients and families, but has been distorted by the abuse of unscrupulous lawyers who have made this a big deal, affecting tremendously the cost of insurance and thus the practice of medicine.
Basically any of the two look at the real reasons why the medicine in the U.S. is the most expensive in the world and one of the less developed countries with health insurance coverage for its citizens.
When stranded in a discussion about the war in Iraq both believe to be dating honor and not defeat and although Obama is committed to give a timeframe for withdrawal, makes clear that this can not be hasty or irresponsible. Both believe that we should strengthen the U.S. presence in Afghanistan. The only thing that differ slightly in international politics, is that Obama is more open to an unconditional dialogue with countries like Cuba, Venezuela, Iran or North Korea, but recently has been slowly changing its position.
The tax issue is a significant difference regarding Obama wants to raise the tax on high income people and McCain does not want to, but spread out the cuts set by the Bush administration. But it has not so far been a central theme campaign.
As for energy dependence and the environment, both broadly in line. MaCain more emphasis on new drilling and oil exploration in the territory of the United States and proposes to give a big boost to nuclear energy, but also believes and is willing to support the research and development of unconventional energy. Obama in turn puts more emphasis on these, but agrees with the push for nuclear energy and recognizes the need for oil and fossil fuels for years and has proposed using federal oil reserves to relieve the pressure momentarily high prices. Both emphasize the urgent need that the U.S. has to achieve energy independence and not rely on oil supplies from unfriendly governments.
The broad agreement in many of approaches and little differentiation in the positions on some issues, leads us to believe that people ultimately vote undecided guided more by the perception that the formation of the candidate, his character and personality, by the image that displays in his public appearances and the confidence it inspires in his ability to lead the country.
And in this I sense that Senator McCain is ahead. His seniority in the management of international conflicts, their firm positions although unpopular over the Iraq war, which eventually proved him right, his position in handling sensitive issues before the members of his own party, have given an image as a statesman and being a candidate who is ready to lead the country with confidence.
And one more note to reinforce this perception. Senator McCain is clear that we must be loyal to his friends. Senator McCain knows that Colombia is a great friend and ally of the U.S., knows the effort that the country is doing to be stripped of so many years of violence and recognizes that there is a ruling class and struggling to do business.
Senator McCain is willing to help without preconditions, his best friend.
Senator Obama, but is willing to dialogue without preconditions with countries like Venezuela, Cuba, Iran, unfriendly and hostile to the American Union is not willing to support the FTA with the best friend of the U.S. in Latin America, Colombia , until certain conditions are met safety.
Senator Obama if you put preconditions to hold your best friend.
What a difference! Jorge Pineda
Miami, FL 9-30-08
Sunday, September 7, 2008
Western Invitations Phrases
National Flag "HAIL sacred homeland, in your womb were born and loved, are the air we breathe, the land that sustains us, the family we love the freedom that protects us, the religion that comforts us. You have our dear homes, fertile plains, majestic rivers, magnificent volcanoes, tranquil lakes, skies of purple and gold. In your fields undulate golden ears, in your workshops vibrating motors, sizzling anvils, the beauties of art arise. Fatherland in your language harmonious Providence ask you for protection, to open our souls to glow in the sky, record in her sweet affection and the School Master and inspires us your holy love. Patria, your history, flag of heroes and martyrs, review virtues and aspirations, your bow to the Act which enshrined the sovereignty and makes the path florida that the Justice and Liberty lead us to God. Bandera de la Patria, sacred symbol of El Salvador, reverent salute you the new generation! For you the life-giving sun of our glory, the songs of patriotism, the laurels of a hero. For you the respect of peoples and the crown of love that now stick to your immortal temples "
CHORUS: Let us salute the motherland orgullososde be called her children, and swear life bouncy, relentlessly his well consagrar.PRIMERA VERSE: Of peace on this noble supremasiempre dreamed El Salvador, was to obtain his eternal problem, keep it, his glory with invincible faith mayor.Y progress caminodel strives to continue to fulfill her great destiny achieve a happy porvenir.Le protects an iron barreracontra the clash of vile deslealtaddesde the day when her high blood banderacon wrote: FREEDOM! SECOND VERSE: Freedom is her dogma and her guíaque thousand times she has defended, and many others, of daring tiraníarechazar the hateful power. painful and bloody history, but sublime and brilliant at the same time source of legitimate glory And a great lesson in Spartan altivez.No faints in his innate courage, every man is a inmortalque hero knows how to maintain their old value of HEIGHT proverbial.TERCERA VERSE: They are all dedicated, and of warlike fielesal ardorcon reaped always saving the motherland laurelesde honor.Respetar extrañosy rights rest on the right reason for her, without infamous amañossu invariably stronger ambición.Y in following this line aferradedicando her tenacious efforts In giving hard battle for battle, his happiness is found in the paz.Autores: Juan José Cañas and Juan Aberle.
General Data
Official Name: Republic of El Salvador.
Capital City: San Salvador.
Population: 6.3 million.
Area: 21,040.79 square miles.
Currency: Colón (¢ SV). The dollar (U.S. $) is legal tender from January 1, 2001.
Rate: 8.75 ¢ $ 1.00
Independence Day: September 15.
Government: Democratic Republic.
Official Language: English.
Religion: Roman Catholic 75%, 25 others.
National Bird: The Torogoz, also called: Talap.
National Flower: The flower of Izote.
National Tree: The Maquilishuat and Balsam.
World Time: GMT -06:00
Airports: International El Salvador (in Comalapa), International Ilopango.
Ports: Acajutla, La Libertad, Cutuco, and El Triunfo.
Main exports: Textiles, coffee, sugar, shrimp.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): U.S. $ 13.217 Mill
GDP Growth Rate: 2.0%
Inflation: 4.3%
Location:
El Salvador is one of the republics of Central American Isthmus, strip of territory linking America North and South America. The countries that surround it are Guatemala to the west, Honduras to the north and east, and Nicaragua to the southeast in the Gulf of Fonseca. South of the mainland extending 200 nautical miles of territorial sea, which puts him in contact with the international waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geographic coordinates are: 13 50 N, 88 55 W.
Climate:
From the meteorological point of view, there are two stations and two transitions during the year: the dry season and the wet season and dry-wet transition and wet-dry. The dry season is 157 days and takes place from November 14 to 19 April. The rainy season is 149 days and is estimated from 21 May to 16 October. The transitions between these stations occur as follows: transition from the dry-wet from 20 April to 20 May and the wet-dry transition from 17 October to 13 November. In general the climate of El Salvador is warm and tropical for most of the year. The annual average temperature is 28 ° C, ranging between 25 ° C and 28 ° C. In the area you may experience changes in temperature pleasant. In coastal areas experienced temperatures of up to 41 ° C and humidity, while at the volcanoes or mountain areas may experience temperatures as low as 10 ° C. In the hottest time of year in the capital reached maximum temperatures of 35 ° C. While in the coldest part, usually December and January, the influence of cold air masses from North America leads to a decrease in temperature temperatures of up to 12 ° C.
Topography:
El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America. It consists of valleys, plateaus, volcanoes, a flat coastal area, the mountain range of Sierra Madre and the Pacific Coast which stretches 320 kilometers. The highest point is Cerro El Pital to 2,730 meters above sea level. Also known as the Land of Volcanoes, is constantly threatened by strong earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Language:
English is the official language but English is very common within the business community. A very small portion of the population speaks Nahuatl, an indigenous language.
Population:
The population of El Salvador is divided into three ethnic groups. Mestizos, whose offspring is the product of a mixture of indigenous and European, accounting for 91%. The people of European descent represent about 6% of the population. The rest represent 3% of the population.
Agriculture: E
Salvador's economy depends largely on agriculture. The main agricultural products are coffee, cotton, sugarcane, grains, vegetables, fruits and spices. In addition, El Salvador is the only producer worldwide Balm, which is erroneously called "Balsam of Peru" used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Political-Administrative Division:
El Salvador is divided into 14 departments, grouped into three geographical areas: West Zone, Central Zone and Eastern Zone, which comprises 39 districts and 262 municipalities. The 14 departments are: Ahuachapán, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Chalatenango, La Libertad, San Salvador (capital city), Cuscatlan, La Paz, Cabañas, San Vicente, Usulután, San Miguel, Morazan, La Union.